[3] His final professional work was an episode of the ITV legal drama Kavanagh QC, starring John Thaw. Nigel Kneale's bleak, underappreciated 1989 film has only been shown on TV twice. [40] But he continued to write for the BBC on a freelance basis. [56] Kneale was much happier with this version than the previous Hammer Quatermass adaptations,[57] and the film was described by The Independent in 2006 as "one of the best ever Hammer productions. “Christmas Eve with my mum and dad. [31] Film producer Harry Saltzman, who had produced the two Osborne adaptations, approached Kneale about scripting a project he was working on to adapt Ian Fleming's James Bond novels for the cinema; Kneale was not a fan of Fleming's work and turned the offer down. [72] Kneale got on well with the director assigned to the film, Tommy Lee Wallace,[72] but when one of the film's backers, Dino De Laurentiis, insisted upon the inclusion of more graphic violence and a rewrite of the script from Wallace, Kneale became displeased with the results and had his name removed from the film. The series … Called Crow, it was based upon the memoirs of real-life Manx slaver Captain Hugh Crow. 100 Greatest British Television Programmes, "Nigel Kneale, creator of cult TV figure Quatermass, dies aged 84", "Kneale, Nigel (1922–2006)—Film & TV credits", "BBC FOUR to produce a live broadcast of the sci-fi classic, The Quatermass Experiment", "Doctor Who Classic Episode Guide – The Daemons", Article by Mark Holcomb from The Believer, March/April 2010, The Quatermass Trilogy – A Controlled Paranoia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nigel_Kneale&oldid=988171449, Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, People educated at St Ninian's High School, Douglas, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 November 2020, at 15:15. [53], Less successfully during this period, Kneale completed screenplays for adaptations of the novels Lord of the Flies by William Golding and Brave New World by Aldous Huxley. Cine-literate, politically aware and scathingly … [38] The production was nearly made as a film by 20th Century Fox, but John Trevelyan, Chief Executive of the British Board of Film Censors, forbade the script's production. [72] The Black Lagoon script never went into production, but while in America Kneale met the director Joe Dante, who invited him to script the third film in the Halloween series, on which Dante was working. People who made the bold decision to watch this excellent drama will respond to any 'clip-clop' by gratifyingly leaping in the air and grabbing the backs of their necks. [36] Kneale was inspired in writing the serial by contemporary fears over secret UK Ministry of Defence research establishments such as Porton Down, as well the fact that as a BBC staff writer he had been required to sign the Official Secrets Act. Professor Bernard Quatermass is a fictional scientist, originally created by the writer Nigel Kneale for BBC Television. [4], Kerr became a successful children's writer, with the Mog series of books[31] and When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit, which was based on her own experiences of fleeing Nazi Germany in her youth. Sutton, p. 20 and p. 54. [57] The serial was announced as a forthcoming production by the BBC in November 1972,[63] and some model filming was even begun in June 1973,[57] but eventually budgetary problems and the unavailability of Stonehenge—a central location in the scripts—led to the project's cancellation. [17] Neither of these scripts ever saw production, as the companies making them went out of business—Kneale commented in a 2003 interview that "I reckon I closed down at least two film companies. During this time the BBC produced Kneale's 'The Road' (First Night, BBC, tx. [57] The production, Quatermass, was structured to work both as a four-episode serial for transmission in the UK, and a 100-minute film version for cinema release overseas—something Kneale later regretted agreeing to. In 2000, he received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Horror Writers Association. Nigel Kneale quoted in “The Quatermass Addendum Part 3” by Bill Warren, Starlog 141, April 1989, page 51 In 1968's The Year of the Sex Olympics, Kneale, a pioneering writer of TV drama who died this week, ingeniously predicted the future of lowest-common-denominator TV. [38], In May 1957, Kneale was contracted by the BBC to write a third Quatermass serial,[39] and this was eventually transmitted as Quatermass and the Pit across six weeks in December 1958 and January 1959. [54] Kneale had first worked on the screenplay for the adaptation in 1961,[54] the same year in which he had begun to adapt Quatermass and the Pit for Hammer. Kneale was invited to write for the successful American science-fiction series The X-Files (1993–2002), but declined the offer. [17] Kneale was initially a general-purpose writer, working on adaptations of books and stage plays and even writing material for light entertainment and children's programmes. [13]), Following this success, Kneale gave up acting to write full-time. [59] Kneale did his first work for the ITV network during this time, writing one-off play The Crunch for the ATV company in 1964.[60]. The film premiered at the end of May 1957, and was reviewed positively in The Times: "The writer of the original story, Mr Nigel Kneale, and the director, Mr Val Guest, between them keep things moving at the right speed, without digressions. He was a writer and actor, known for The Entertainer (1960), Look Back in Anger (1959) and Quatermass and the Pit (1967). [18] This play was adapted and directed by the Austrian television director Rudolph Cartier, who had also joined the staff of the BBC drama department in 1952. [17], Following the cancellation of Crow, Kneale moved to work for another of the ITV companies, Thames Television, who in 1977 commissioned the production of the scripts of Kneale's previously abandoned fourth Quatermass serial, to be produced by their Euston Films subsidiary film company. Manx-born author/screenwriter Nigel Kneale was one of the most compelling and influential film writers to come out of England in the '50s. Defiant (1962, from the novel Mutiny by Frank Tilsley)[52] and First Men in the Moon (1964, from the novel by H. G. "[42] 1957 also saw the release of another cinematic collaboration between Kneale and Guest, when Kneale adapted his 1955 BBC play The Creature into The Abominable Snowman;[43] in this case, Hammer retained the star of the BBC version, Peter Cushing. [75] When he did submit the script three weeks later, he discovered that Central had been about to cancel the production as they had assumed that Kneale, then 67, had not been able to complete the work due to his age. [73] Lynne Truss, reviewing a repeat broadcast of the production on Channel 4 for The Times in 1994, wrote that: "Clip-clop is not usually a noise to get upset about. [9], On 25 March 1946 Kneale made his first broadcast on BBC Radio, performing a live reading of his own short story "Tomato Cain" in a strand entitled Stories by Northern Authors on the BBC's North of England Home Service region. [38] Starring John Mills as Quatermass and with a budget of over £1 million[57]—more than fifty times the budget of Quatermass and the Pit in 1958[69]—the serial was not as critically successful as its predecessors. [73] It has been observed that Kneale on some occasions operated a double standard with adaptations; being unhappy when others made changes to his stories, but willing to make changes to stories he was adapting into script form. [5][6] He was raised in the island's capital, Douglas, where his father was the owner and editor of the local newspaper, The Herald. 1957 also saw the release of another … "If you like the idea of the Hitch-Hiker's Guide but found its realization tiresomely hysterical you may well prefer Kneale's relaxed wit. [18] He left the corporation when his contract expired at the end of 1956;[39] "Five years in that hut was as much as any sane person could stand," he later told an interviewer. [8] Kneale worked with Kerr on an adaptation of When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit in the 1970s, but the eventual makers of the film version disregarded their script. [38], In 1982, Kneale made another one-off diversion from his usual work when he wrote his only produced Hollywood movie script, Halloween III: Season of the Witch. [45] Drawing audiences of up to 11 million,[44] Quatermass and the Pit has been referred to by the BBC's own website as "simply the first finest thing the BBC ever made. The first Quatermass film had been a major success for Hammer and, eager for a sequel, they purchased the rights to Nigel Kneale's follow-up before the BBC had even begun transmission of the new serial. Carpenter wrote the screenplay for his 1987 film Prince of Darkness under the pseudonym "Martin Quatermass", a reference to Kneale's work. [6] He did take small voice-over roles in some of his 1950s television productions, such as the voice heard on the factory loudspeaker system in Quatermass II (1955), for which he also narrated most of the recaps shown at the beginning of each episode. [12], After graduating from RADA, Kneale worked for a short time as a professional actor performing in small rôles at the Stratford Memorial Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon. The film will be produced by Hammer’s Simon Oakes and follow the story of Bernard Quatermass, which was made popular by the successful BBC 1950s series, and a trio of films from Hammer Film Productions from the mid-50s to the mid-60s and seen as a precursor to Dr. Who. [62], Kneale was admired by the film director John Carpenter,[3][31] who hired Kneale to write the screenplay Halloween III. "[4] He returned to writing for radio for the first time since the 1950s in 1996, when he wrote the drama-documentary The Quatermass Memoirs for BBC Radio 3. [7] The book sufficiently impressed the writer Elizabeth Bowen that she wrote a foreword for it,[7] and in 1950 the collection won the Somerset Maugham Award. [10] Kneale's first credited role in adult television drama was providing "additional dialogue" for the play Arrow to the Heart, broadcast on 20 July 1952. [21] Together they would help to revolutionise British television drama and establish it as an entity separate from its theatre and radio equivalents; the television historian Lez Cooke wrote in 2003 that "Between them, Kneale and Cartier were responsible for introducing a completely new dimension to television drama in the early to mid-1950s. [97] Bryan Kneale painted the covers for the Quatermass script books released by Penguin Books in 1959 and 1960. [6] This was an assignment that surprised his agent; "We didn't think he'd want to bother with them but he did. He was educated at St Ninian's High School, Douglas, and after leaving studied law, training to become an advocate at the Manx Bar. 662 (March 1989): 90–96. The award has twice been won by the son of a previous winner: Kingsley Amis (winner in 1955) was the father of Martin Amis (1974), and Nigel Kneale (1950) the father of Matthew Kneale (1988). "In a story which mined mythology and folklore ... under the guise of genre it tackled serious themes of man's hostile nature and the military's perversion of science for its own ends. [38], Kneale's next television series was a departure from his usual style—Kinvig, his sole attempt at writing a sitcom, produced by London Weekend Television and broadcast on ITV in the autumn of 1981. [6] His first script for ITV in this period was the one-off play Murrain, made by the network's Midlands franchise holders Associated TeleVision (ATV) in 1975. [49] Broadcast on 18 June as part of The United States Steel Hour anthology series, the script was severely cut back in length. [17][38], In 1966 Kneale worked again for Hammer Film Productions when he adapted Norah Lofts's 1960 novel The Devil's Own into the horror film The Witches. Back in 2000 I was working at Cornerhouse arts centre in Manchester. Nigel Kneale was born on April 18, 1922 in Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire, England as Thomas Nigel Kneale. [72] Kneale agreed, on the proviso that it would be a totally new concept unrelated to the first two films, which he had not seen and he did not like what he had heard about them. [67] The play, a horror piece based around witchcraft, led the following year to a series called Beasts, a six-part anthology where Kneale created six different character-based tales of horror and the macabre. The same year that he left the BBC, Kneale wrote his first feature film screenplay, adapting Quatermass II for Hammer Film Productions along with producer Anthony Hinds and director Val Guest. … Cast splendid, direction deft," was The Times's preview of the first episode. First Men in the Moon is a 1964 British science fiction film, produced by Charles H. Schneer, directed by Nathan Juran, and starring Edward Judd, Martha Hyer and Lionel Jeffries.The film, distributed by Columbia Pictures, is an adaptation by screenwriter Nigel Kneale of H. G. Wells' 1901 novel The First Men in the Moon.. Ray Harryhausen provided the stop-motion animation effects, which include the … [6] In 1951 he was recruited as one of the first staff writers to be employed by BBC Television;[16] before he started working for the BBC, Kneale had never seen any television. [27], The BBC recognised the success of the serial, particularly in the context of the impending arrival of commercial television to the UK. [70] Tying in with the series, Kneale returned to prose fiction when he wrote his only full-length novel, Quatermass, a novelisation of the serial. [94] Similarly, in 1995 Kneale scripted a four-part adaptation of one of Kerr's sequels to the book, A Small Person Far Away, but this also went unproduced. "The fact that it's lasted a long time and has a steady audience doesn't mean much. [38], Kneale's next script for the BBC was The Stone Tape, a scientific ghost story broadcast on Christmas Day 1972. [12] They married on 8 May 1954[93] and had two children; Matthew, who later became a successful novelist,[31] and Tacy, an actress and later a special effects designer who worked on the popular Harry Potter series of films. The dialogue/characterisation seemed to consist of a kind of childish squabbling" and Doomwatch: "I was approached to write Doomwatch. He also criticised Blake's 7, which he described as the lowest point of British television science-fiction: "I think the low point for me would be the very few bits I've seen of a thing called Blake's 7 which I found paralytically awful. Writer. “The Manxman: The Career of Nigel Kneale.” Monthly Film Bulletin 56, no. In 2000, he received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Horror Writers Association. The same year saw the formation of the ... Roy Ward Baker, 1967), easily the best film adaptation of his television work thanks to his own script and a decent budget. The great horror sci/fi writer Nigel Kneale, usually renowned for his Quatermass writings and technology and science based themes, again comes up trumps with a finely acted drama that asks all the right questions and never resorts to silly clichés usually equated to the subject matter. In 2005, he acted as a consultant when the digital television channel BBC Four produced a live remake of The Quatermass Experiment. "[Donlevy] was then really on the skids and didn't care what he was doing. Thomas Nigel Kneale (18 April 1922 – 29 October 2006) was a Manx screenwriter who wrote professionally for more than 50 years, was a winner of the Somerset Maugham Award, and was twice nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay. He was most active in television, joining BBC Television in 1951; his final script was transmitted on ITV in 1997. [34] Specifically designed by the BBC to combat the threat of the new ITV network,[26][30] which launched just a month before Quatermass II was shown,[35] the serial was even more successful than the first, drawing audiences of up to nine million viewers. His highly subversive, wildly entertaining movies are unique in the landscape of Hollywood cinema. The Quatermass Experiment was the first adult television science-fiction production,[25] held a large television audience gripped across its six weeks,[3] and has been described by the Museum of Broadcast Communications as dramatising "a new range of gendered fears about Britain's postwar and post-colonial security. The writer and actor Mark Gatiss, paying tribute to Kneale on the BBC News Online website shortly after his death, indicated that he was among the first rank of British television writers, but that this had been overlooked. [6] Although his first out-and-out comedy, Kneale was keen to stress that there had always been elements of humour present throughout his scripts,[38] and some of the press reaction to Kinvig was positive. Hence Brian Donlevy’s being cast to play a very un-British Bernard Quatermass in this particular film. [72], Kneale's treatment for the film met with the approval of John Carpenter, the producer of the Halloween series, although Kneale was required to write the script in only six weeks. “Fantasy Flashback: Quatermass &Amp; The Pit.” TV … He has been described as "one of the most influential writers of the 20th century",[1] and as "having invented popular TV". Or in the case of Mr Donlevy, waddle."[38]. Ghostwatch was a big deal for the BBC on Hallowe’en 1992. Controller of Programmes Cecil McGivern wrote in a memo that: "Had competitive television been in existence then, we would have killed it every Saturday night while [The Quatermass Experiment] lasted. 1 month ago. Described by The Independent as "one of the few writers not to fall out with John Osborne,"[7] Kneale adapted Osborne's plays Look Back in Anger and The Entertainer in 1958 and 1960 respectively, both for director Tony Richardson. "I made up my mind I would never ever again have anything done on a television network in America," he later commented. [64] Lez Cooke praised the production, when writing in 2003, describing it as "one of the most imaginative and intelligent examples of the horror genre to appear on British television, a single play to rank alongside the best of Play for Today. [18] During this period he was regarded as one of the finest writers working for the BBC. But there were after-effects, a moo [4] (His son, Matthew Kneale, would later win the same award in 1988 for his novel Whore Banquets. [6] Kneale knew Richardson through having previously adapted a Chekhov short story for the BBC, which Richardson had directed. [17] Kneale was unable to find backing to produce the play for the stage, but sold the script to ATV who put it into pre-production for television. "[75] Similarly, his obituary in The Guardian commented that: Kneale was by no means the only author to have been largely wasted by television, and to have seen his status overtaken by soap opera hacks. [98] He was also responsible for a painting of a lobster from which special effects designers Bernard Wilkie and Jack Kine drew their inspiration for the Martian creatures they constructed for the original television version of Quatermass and the Pit. He was a writer and actor, known for The Entertainer (1960), Look Back in Anger (1959) and Quatermass and the Pit (1967). [78] According to The Independent, Kneale conceived a storyline involving the young Quatermass becoming involved in German rocketry experiments in the 1930s, and helping a young Jewish woman to escape from the country during the 1936 Berlin Olympics.[7]. The Live Life Show, in which a family are watched twenty-four hours a day as they struggle to live on an isolated rural island, becomes a massive success, especially when a murderer is introduced into the set-up. He continued to appear as an interview subject in various television documentaries,[18] and also recorded further audio commentaries for the release of some of his productions on DVD. 1922-2006. In 2000, he received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Horror Writers Association. It was a case of take the money and run. "Thematically no less awesome than Mr Kneale's earlier science-fiction essays for BBC Television, his ITV debut has proved only a so-so affair", was the verdict of The Times when previewing the final episode. Quatermass and the Pit is on Warner Horror Classics, price £5.99. Quatermass’s creator Nigel Kneale did not like this at all. [6], Kneale had returned to writing for television with the BBC for the first time since Quatermass and the Pit when his play The Road was broadcast in September 1963. I just wrote screenplays. Here he talks about working with the man who invented modern television. [7] He began using the name "Nigel Kneale" for these professional credits, but continued to be known as "Tom" to his family and friends up until his death. Kneale wrote well-received television dramas such as The Year of the Sex Olympics (1968) and The Stone Tape (1972) in addition to the Quatermass serials. [6] He made further radio broadcasts in the 1940s, including a reading of his story Zachary Crebbin's Angel on the BBC Light Programme, broadcast nationally on 19 May 1948. Nigel Kneale was born in Barrow-in-Furness, then in Lancashire, but grew up on the Isle of Man. "[62] The island locations scenes for the production were filmed on the Isle of Man, Kneale's homeland. [75], Susan Hill herself did not like some of the changes that Kneale had made to The Woman in Black. “I saw it when it was first shown,” says the film critic Kim Newman. [49] It was Kneale's only involvement with American television, and he was not pleased with the result. Don't let SILENCE go silent! The following year, Michael Barry became the Head of Drama at BBC Television, and spent his entire first year's script budget of £250 to hire Kneale as a full-time writer for the drama department. [24] The serial told the story of Professor Bernard Quatermass of the British Experimental Rocket Group, and the consequences of his sending the first manned mission into space where a terrible fate befalls the crew and only one returns. Tags: BOO!, Film podcast, Ghostwatch, Haunted Houses, His House, James Brolin, Margot Kidder, Mat Colegate (aka Lord Nuneaton Savage) & Dan White (aka The Beast Must Die., Michael Parkinson, Nigel Kneale, Sarah Greene, Sinister, Stephen Volk, The Amityville Horror, The Savage Beast, The Stone Tape, There's A Ghost In My House, Trauma. "[17] Another screenplay that went unproduced was a Kneale original, a drama involving a wave of teenage suicides called The Big Giggle,[17] or The Big, Big Giggle. Kneale wrote original scripts and successfully adapted works by writers such as George Orwell, John Osborne, H. G. Wells and Susan Hill. Quatermass (also known as Quatermass IV, or The Quatermass Conclusion for its intended international theatrical release) is a British television science fiction serial produced by Euston Films for Thames Television and broadcast on the ITV network in October and November 1979. This is satire from a TV insider, but it mutates into something far more desolate and disorientating. Sutton was the Head of Drama at the BBC during this period, and twice lists Kneale while citing examples of the finest single plays made during his tenure. [67] It featured some well-known actors such as Martin Shaw, Pauline Quirke and Bernard Horsfall, but did not gain a full network run on ITV; different regions transmitted the episodes in different timeslots and some in different sequences. Kneale's script, Jack and the Beanstalk, was transmitted on 24 March 1974, and marked the end of his BBC writing career. "[74] The adaptation nearly went unmade; Kneale had written the script in ten days but been advised by his agent to wait before submitting it to the producers Central Independent Television so that they would not think he had rushed it. [56] Roy Ward Baker directed, with Andrew Keir starring as Quatermass. [30] Nineteen Eighty-Four was a particularly notable production; many found it shocking, and questions were asked in Parliament about whether some of the scenes had been suitable for television. [30], Almost simultaneously with the transmission of Quatermass II in the autumn of 1955, Hammer Film Productions released The Quatermass Xperiment, their film adaptation of the first serial. "I didn't want to go on repeating because Professor Quatermass had already saved the world from ultimate destruction three times, and that seemed to me to be quite enough," he said in 1986. [17] However, shortly before filming it was cancelled by order of ATV's managing director, Lew Grade—Kneale was never told why. [6] Transmitted on 17 January 1997 and cited as one of the programme's finest episodes,[79] it brought Kneale's writing career to a close after more than fifty years. [4] At the beginning of the Second World War Kneale attempted to enlist in the British Army, but was deemed medically unfit for service[7] owing to photophobia, from which he had suffered since childhood. [99], Nigel Kneale in 1990, discussing his career on. It was 35 years ago. No need to waste time endlessly browsing—here's the entire lineup of new movies and TV shows streaming on Netflix this month. [37] Kneale was not pleased with the film,[6] and particularly disliked the casting of Brian Donlevy as Quatermass, as he explained in a 1986 interview. Powerful stuff. Quatermass was a heroic scientist who appeared in various television, film and radio productions written by Kneale for the BBC, Hammer Film Productions and Thames Television between 1953 and 1996. [40] The film premiered at the end of May 1957,[41] and was reviewed positively in The Times: "The writer of the original story, Mr Nigel Kneale, and the director, Mr Val Guest, between them keep things moving at the right speed, without digressions. [68], In the mid-1970s, Kneale made his only attempt at writing a stage play. [40] Kneale was disappointed that Brian Donlevy also returned in the role of Quatermass. When his novel English Passengers won the Whitbread Book of the Year award in 2001, his father commented that: "Matthew's much better than I am. [49], For the next few years, Kneale concentrated mostly on film screenplays, adapting plays and novels for the cinema. The film has an air of respect for the issues touched on, and this impression is confirmed by the acting generally. "[23], The science-fiction production to which Jacobs referred was The Quatermass Experiment, broadcast in six half-hour episodes in July and August 1953. "[65] His final BBC work was an entry into a series called Bedtime Stories, adapting traditional fairy tales into adult dramas. For this adaptation, Nigel Kneale himself was allowed to write the first draft of the screenplay, although subsequent drafts were worked on by director Val Guest. Australian TV drama was … [50] Kneale was nominated for the British Film Award (later known as a BAFTA) for Best Screenplay for both films. In the early 1950s Kneale met fellow BBC screenwriter Judith Kerr, a Jewish refugee, in the BBC canteen. 12 (1992): 32–47. [77], Kneale also adapted Sharpe's Gold for ITV in 1995, as part of their series of adaptations of Bernard Cornwell's Sharpe novels. Nigel Kneale was born on April 18, 1922 in Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire, England as Thomas Nigel Kneale. "[28] Like all of Kneale's television work for the BBC in the 1950s, The Quatermass Experiment was transmitted live. 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